In Feburary 2016 30,
Create subfolders for the files and then transfer them. If you are transferring a lot of files (for example, more than 2,000), you may get the 226 error. This is one work-around.
Utilize STFP, instead of FTP, to transfer your files. SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) does not truncate your number of files per folder, as is the case with FTP.
Post your situation to an online forum. There is a virtually unlimited amount of help out there in the form of fellow computer users who may know how to deal more directly with your specific issue. See an example of one online forum in Resources.
In Feburary 2016 30,
Showing posts with label Protocol. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Protocol. Show all posts
Tuesday, 1 March 2016
Sunday, 28 February 2016
How to Set Up an FTP SiteIn Feburary 2016 28,
In Feburary 2016 28,
Click the Windows 'Start' button. Open 'Control Panel' and 'Add or Remove Programs.' Choose 'Add/Remove Windows Components.' Check the box next to Application Server. Click the 'Details' button.
Select 'Internet Information Services (IIS).' Choose the 'Details' button and then 'File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Service. Click 'OK' and follow the prompts to install the FTP service.
Open 'Internet Information Services Manager' under 'Administrative Tools.' Right-click the FTP sites node. Choose 'New' and 'FTP site.' Click 'Next.'
Type in a description for the site. Click 'Next' and assign an IP address. Click 'Next.' Select 'Do Not Isolate Users.' Click 'Next' and enter the path to the directory for the site. Give users read access and click 'Next' then 'Finish.'
Go to 'Computer Management.' Under 'Local Users and Groups' create an account for each user who will access the FTP site.
Open the default FTP folder. Create a folder for each user. The name of the folder must be the same as the user name. Right-click each folder and click the 'Sharing' tab. Remove the group 'Everyone' and change the system account's access control to 'Full.' Add the user who will access that folder. Add the user and give him full control.
Move your mouse to 'Control Panel,' 'Administrative Tools,' 'Computer Management.' Open 'Local Users and Groups.' Click 'Users.' Right-click the user name and select 'Properties.' Click the 'Profile' tab, and type in the user's folder in the FTP folder under 'Local Path.'
In Feburary 2016 28,
Click the Windows 'Start' button. Open 'Control Panel' and 'Add or Remove Programs.' Choose 'Add/Remove Windows Components.' Check the box next to Application Server. Click the 'Details' button.
Select 'Internet Information Services (IIS).' Choose the 'Details' button and then 'File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Service. Click 'OK' and follow the prompts to install the FTP service.
Open 'Internet Information Services Manager' under 'Administrative Tools.' Right-click the FTP sites node. Choose 'New' and 'FTP site.' Click 'Next.'
Type in a description for the site. Click 'Next' and assign an IP address. Click 'Next.' Select 'Do Not Isolate Users.' Click 'Next' and enter the path to the directory for the site. Give users read access and click 'Next' then 'Finish.'
Go to 'Computer Management.' Under 'Local Users and Groups' create an account for each user who will access the FTP site.
Open the default FTP folder. Create a folder for each user. The name of the folder must be the same as the user name. Right-click each folder and click the 'Sharing' tab. Remove the group 'Everyone' and change the system account's access control to 'Full.' Add the user who will access that folder. Add the user and give him full control.
Move your mouse to 'Control Panel,' 'Administrative Tools,' 'Computer Management.' Open 'Local Users and Groups.' Click 'Users.' Right-click the user name and select 'Properties.' Click the 'Profile' tab, and type in the user's folder in the FTP folder under 'Local Path.'
In Feburary 2016 28,
Saturday, 20 February 2016
How to Upload Website TemplatesIn Feburary 2016 20,
In Feburary 2016 20,
Download the website template. Double click on the files to extract them if they are in a compressed file such as a ZIP or DMG.
Open a file transfer protocol (FTP) program. Enter your FTP log-in information if this is your first time using the software. You will be asked for the name of the FTP host, your username and password. If you don't have this information, contact your host and ask them for it.
Visit the directory into which you plan on uploading the template. If you want this in your website's root directory, this is often under the 'WWW' folder in the website directory.
Drag the template files from your computer to the directory displayed in the FTP window. Depending on the number of files in each template, the transfer may take a while. Let the transfer finish before closing the window.
In Feburary 2016 20,
Download the website template. Double click on the files to extract them if they are in a compressed file such as a ZIP or DMG.
Open a file transfer protocol (FTP) program. Enter your FTP log-in information if this is your first time using the software. You will be asked for the name of the FTP host, your username and password. If you don't have this information, contact your host and ask them for it.
Visit the directory into which you plan on uploading the template. If you want this in your website's root directory, this is often under the 'WWW' folder in the website directory.
Drag the template files from your computer to the directory displayed in the FTP window. Depending on the number of files in each template, the transfer may take a while. Let the transfer finish before closing the window.
In Feburary 2016 20,
Monday, 15 February 2016
How to Create Your Own Game ServerIn Feburary 2016 15,
In Feburary 2016 15,
Go to the 'Run' option in your computer's 'Start' menu and input 'cmd' to enter the command prompt. Input 'ipconfig /all' in the prompt, and write down your subnet mask and default gateway DNS server as they appear. Write down the IP address also, but you only need the first three sets of numbers, which should be 192.168.1.
Return to the 'Start' menu and go to the 'Control Panel.' Then go to 'Network and Internet Connections,' 'Network Connections.' Right-click on the Internet connection you are using and select 'Properties.' Then select 'Internet Protocol,' 'Properties.' Check the box for 'Static IP address.'
Fill out all of the needed information in the next window with what you wrote down. For the IP address, type in those first three sets of numbers from your original address, all followed by periods, then enter a number of your choice after that (up to three digits). Click 'OK' when finished.
Open your Internet browser to confirm that your static IP address works.
Creating the Server
Download a game server tool such as HLDS Update Tool or HLSW and save it to your desktop. Run the tool to install its files and programs. It basically asks what part of the world you're in and what destination folder you want to use for the program (the default location is Program Files).
Return to the command prompt. Type in 'cd' followed by a space and the full address of the program's location (for example, 'C:\Program Files\Valve\HLServer'). Press 'Enter.'
Type in the command update for your server tool, including the name for the game you want to create a server for. If you're creating a Counter Strike: Source server on HLDS Update Tool, type 'hldsupdatetool.exe -command update -game 'Counter-Strike Source' -dir .' (including the space and period at the end and the quotation marks in the middle).
Wait for the program to install your server after entering the last command. This can take half an hour to an hour, depending on your Internet speed.
In Feburary 2016 15,
Go to the 'Run' option in your computer's 'Start' menu and input 'cmd' to enter the command prompt. Input 'ipconfig /all' in the prompt, and write down your subnet mask and default gateway DNS server as they appear. Write down the IP address also, but you only need the first three sets of numbers, which should be 192.168.1.
Return to the 'Start' menu and go to the 'Control Panel.' Then go to 'Network and Internet Connections,' 'Network Connections.' Right-click on the Internet connection you are using and select 'Properties.' Then select 'Internet Protocol,' 'Properties.' Check the box for 'Static IP address.'
Fill out all of the needed information in the next window with what you wrote down. For the IP address, type in those first three sets of numbers from your original address, all followed by periods, then enter a number of your choice after that (up to three digits). Click 'OK' when finished.
Open your Internet browser to confirm that your static IP address works.
Creating the Server
Download a game server tool such as HLDS Update Tool or HLSW and save it to your desktop. Run the tool to install its files and programs. It basically asks what part of the world you're in and what destination folder you want to use for the program (the default location is Program Files).
Return to the command prompt. Type in 'cd' followed by a space and the full address of the program's location (for example, 'C:\Program Files\Valve\HLServer'). Press 'Enter.'
Type in the command update for your server tool, including the name for the game you want to create a server for. If you're creating a Counter Strike: Source server on HLDS Update Tool, type 'hldsupdatetool.exe -command update -game 'Counter-Strike Source' -dir .' (including the space and period at the end and the quotation marks in the middle).
Wait for the program to install your server after entering the last command. This can take half an hour to an hour, depending on your Internet speed.
In Feburary 2016 15,
Sunday, 14 February 2016
What Is a URL Search Hook?In Feburary 2016 14,
In Feburary 2016 14,
A web site's extension is the portion of the URL that is after the last '.' in the address. Examples are .com, .html and .htm. These extensions tell computers what protocol the browser should use to read the web page.
Usage
When the extension is unknown, such as a custom URL, the browser attempts to figure out which protocol to use. A search hook is implemented to determine how the computer should read the web page. Once the search hook has succeeded in reading the page, the new protocol is added to the search hook for future use.
Implementation
The command for a search hook is written into the computer's software as a line of code. The user does not need to perform any special command; the Internet browser will automatically begin to search for a protocol that will read the web page.
In Feburary 2016 14,
A web site's extension is the portion of the URL that is after the last '.' in the address. Examples are .com, .html and .htm. These extensions tell computers what protocol the browser should use to read the web page.
Usage
When the extension is unknown, such as a custom URL, the browser attempts to figure out which protocol to use. A search hook is implemented to determine how the computer should read the web page. Once the search hook has succeeded in reading the page, the new protocol is added to the search hook for future use.
Implementation
The command for a search hook is written into the computer's software as a line of code. The user does not need to perform any special command; the Internet browser will automatically begin to search for a protocol that will read the web page.
In Feburary 2016 14,
Friday, 12 February 2016
The Difference Between a File Server an FTP ServerIn Feburary 2016 12,
In Feburary 2016 12,
File servers store data for an entire network, just as an individual computer's hard drive stores data for that individual computer. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers run an FTP application to exchange files over the Internet, which is the world's largest network.
Similarities
File serving and FTP serving are both networking methods that involve file transfer between computers. FTP servers need to work together with file servers in order to function. In a network using FTP, file servers store data while FTP servers transmit that data over the Internet, with both being necessary for file transfer to occur.
Differences
FTP servers download files from or upload files to file servers. FTP servers move files to and from file server locations. FTP servers require file servers, but file servers do not require FTP servers, since file servers also serve various intranet networks not connected to the Internet.
In Feburary 2016 12,
File servers store data for an entire network, just as an individual computer's hard drive stores data for that individual computer. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers run an FTP application to exchange files over the Internet, which is the world's largest network.
Similarities
File serving and FTP serving are both networking methods that involve file transfer between computers. FTP servers need to work together with file servers in order to function. In a network using FTP, file servers store data while FTP servers transmit that data over the Internet, with both being necessary for file transfer to occur.
Differences
FTP servers download files from or upload files to file servers. FTP servers move files to and from file server locations. FTP servers require file servers, but file servers do not require FTP servers, since file servers also serve various intranet networks not connected to the Internet.
In Feburary 2016 12,
How to Back Up a Brocade SwitchIn Feburary 2016 12,
In Feburary 2016 12,
Log in to the FTP server. Open a command-line session on the switch from the FTP server by typing the following command into a shell:telnet 192.168.45.27Replace '192.168.45.27' with the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the Brocade switch.
Enter the user name and password to log into the switch as administrator.
Type the following command:configuploadPress 'Enter.' The Brocade switch will prompt you for the IP address of the FTP server; the user name and password required by the FTP server to accept a file upload; the name the file containing the Brocade switch parameters is to have on the FTP server (choose something meaningful, containing the date and the name of the switch); and the protocol to be used for the upload (enter 'ftp'.) After you answer all prompts, the Brocade switch will upload the file containing its full configuration to the FTP server.
In Feburary 2016 12,
Log in to the FTP server. Open a command-line session on the switch from the FTP server by typing the following command into a shell:telnet 192.168.45.27Replace '192.168.45.27' with the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the Brocade switch.
Enter the user name and password to log into the switch as administrator.
Type the following command:configuploadPress 'Enter.' The Brocade switch will prompt you for the IP address of the FTP server; the user name and password required by the FTP server to accept a file upload; the name the file containing the Brocade switch parameters is to have on the FTP server (choose something meaningful, containing the date and the name of the switch); and the protocol to be used for the upload (enter 'ftp'.) After you answer all prompts, the Brocade switch will upload the file containing its full configuration to the FTP server.
In Feburary 2016 12,
Wednesday, 10 February 2016
HTTP Vs. FTP File TransferIn Feburary 2016 10,
In Feburary 2016 10,
In order to update a file to a website, all the user needs is a modern internet browser. However, on the server side of the website, a site programmer has to implement a system that can handle a file upload. The programmer has several options to perform this, from a simple HTML upload to more advanced forms with languages such as PHP and ASP, for use in a forum or a blog. With downloading, all a user has to do is click on a link.
Uploading via FTP
FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, predates HTTP by quite some time. However, FTP is used primarily by webmasters and web developers who need to upload files directly to their servers. In order to use an FTP server, you will need an FTP client to connect to it. Free FTP programs include FileZilla and CoreFTP, and can be found in the resources section below.
Advantages and Disadvantages of HTTP
HTTP uploads provide an incredibly simple method of uploading files to a server, with minimal knowledge about file transfers. Downloading a file is also incredibly easy too. However, the disadvantages lie in HTTP's lack of power when it comes to file uploading. Also, a programmer needs to have the knowledge required to create the form in HTML, in order to upload the file in question. This especially is true if the file is for a social network similar to Myspace or Facebook that they're creating.
Advantages and Disadvantages of FTP
Using a FTP server offers advantages of its own. For one, a user can use a program to perform a mass upload to a server, not having to worry about repeatedly having to rebrowse for files and re-upload them using one form. Downloads can also be done en masse as well. Unfortunately, an FTP server still requires an FTP client to use, and the use of one would be particularly cumbersome to those who just wanted to upload a picture or two.
Differences
Ultimately, FTP and HTTP file transfers have completely different purposes. FTP's file transfer purpose is more or less for website maintenance and batch uploads, while HTTP is for client-end work and for end users to upload things such as movies, pictures and other files to the server. Often times, a programmer will use FTP to upload the files that allow an end-user to upload files via HTML/HTTP as well.
In Feburary 2016 10,
In order to update a file to a website, all the user needs is a modern internet browser. However, on the server side of the website, a site programmer has to implement a system that can handle a file upload. The programmer has several options to perform this, from a simple HTML upload to more advanced forms with languages such as PHP and ASP, for use in a forum or a blog. With downloading, all a user has to do is click on a link.
Uploading via FTP
FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, predates HTTP by quite some time. However, FTP is used primarily by webmasters and web developers who need to upload files directly to their servers. In order to use an FTP server, you will need an FTP client to connect to it. Free FTP programs include FileZilla and CoreFTP, and can be found in the resources section below.
Advantages and Disadvantages of HTTP
HTTP uploads provide an incredibly simple method of uploading files to a server, with minimal knowledge about file transfers. Downloading a file is also incredibly easy too. However, the disadvantages lie in HTTP's lack of power when it comes to file uploading. Also, a programmer needs to have the knowledge required to create the form in HTML, in order to upload the file in question. This especially is true if the file is for a social network similar to Myspace or Facebook that they're creating.
Advantages and Disadvantages of FTP
Using a FTP server offers advantages of its own. For one, a user can use a program to perform a mass upload to a server, not having to worry about repeatedly having to rebrowse for files and re-upload them using one form. Downloads can also be done en masse as well. Unfortunately, an FTP server still requires an FTP client to use, and the use of one would be particularly cumbersome to those who just wanted to upload a picture or two.
Differences
Ultimately, FTP and HTTP file transfers have completely different purposes. FTP's file transfer purpose is more or less for website maintenance and batch uploads, while HTTP is for client-end work and for end users to upload things such as movies, pictures and other files to the server. Often times, a programmer will use FTP to upload the files that allow an end-user to upload files via HTML/HTTP as well.
In Feburary 2016 10,
Monday, 8 February 2016
How to Set Up a Proxy ServerIn Feburary 2016 08,
In Feburary 2016 08,
Set up WinProxy. WinProxy is widely used for windows-based servers which also provides Network Address Translation (NAT) and also supports HTTP, Real Audio, Real Video, FTP, Telnet, Secure Sockets and DNS. The system is popularity because it doesn't need to have any software loaded on the client's end, thereby saving time and effort.
Ensure that all the systems, including the client's systems, have been configured with TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). TCP/IP is the basic communication language or protocol used by Internet, as well as private networks, to access the intranet (internal sites) or extranet (external sites).
Run the installation wizard for the WinProxy. You would need to initially enter the product key on the initial screen to register the product.
Select the type of Internet connection and choose the name of your connection.
Enter the user name and password of your Internet connection.
Let the automactic configuration scripts of the WinProxy run. This allows WinProxy to assign IP (Internet Protocol) addresses automatically to each device within the LAN (Local Area Network), meaning the internal connections. Each IP is unique on each device.
Follow the prompt to disconnect from your network, if you are already connected. WinProxy will then go through the verifications of each operation.
Verify if your proxy server works by having a tester or client computer test the system. The person should be allowed to get through the selected sites. Also, the proxy server should be able to check the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of outgoing requests made for Web pages. This is done by inspecting HTTP GET and POST messages. Lastly, the system should also be able to see incoming data traffic, including filtering content of incoming messages.
In Feburary 2016 08,
Set up WinProxy. WinProxy is widely used for windows-based servers which also provides Network Address Translation (NAT) and also supports HTTP, Real Audio, Real Video, FTP, Telnet, Secure Sockets and DNS. The system is popularity because it doesn't need to have any software loaded on the client's end, thereby saving time and effort.
Ensure that all the systems, including the client's systems, have been configured with TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). TCP/IP is the basic communication language or protocol used by Internet, as well as private networks, to access the intranet (internal sites) or extranet (external sites).
Run the installation wizard for the WinProxy. You would need to initially enter the product key on the initial screen to register the product.
Select the type of Internet connection and choose the name of your connection.
Enter the user name and password of your Internet connection.
Let the automactic configuration scripts of the WinProxy run. This allows WinProxy to assign IP (Internet Protocol) addresses automatically to each device within the LAN (Local Area Network), meaning the internal connections. Each IP is unique on each device.
Follow the prompt to disconnect from your network, if you are already connected. WinProxy will then go through the verifications of each operation.
Verify if your proxy server works by having a tester or client computer test the system. The person should be allowed to get through the selected sites. Also, the proxy server should be able to check the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of outgoing requests made for Web pages. This is done by inspecting HTTP GET and POST messages. Lastly, the system should also be able to see incoming data traffic, including filtering content of incoming messages.
In Feburary 2016 08,
Saturday, 6 February 2016
How to Set Up Filezilla for Joomla!In Feburary 2016 06,
In Feburary 2016 06,
Double-click on the FileZilla icon or select it from the start menu. FileZilla will start and display the local hard disk directory structure on the left side of the window.
Enter the domain name of your website or the IP address in the 'Host' field. Do not include the 'http://' part of the address, just the domain name. For example, 'mycoolsite.com' is a domain name and '192.168.2.1' is an Internet Protocol address. If your domain name hasn't been assigned yet, use the IP address provided by your hosting company.
Fill in the 'Username' field at the top of the screen with your FTP user name. Use the exact spelling and character case as the FTP user name issued by your hosting service provider.
Enter your FTP password in the 'Password' field at the top of the screen. Use the exact spelling and character case as the password issued by your hosting service provider.
Enter the FTP port number in the 'Port' field if your hosting provider uses a port other than 21. Most users will leave this field blank as 21 is the default port. Only enter a port number if your hosting provider uses a port other than 21.
Click on the 'Edit' menu, then click on 'Settings.' Select 'File Types' under 'Transfers' on the left side of the settings window. Click the 'Binary' radio button on the right side at the top of the window. This setting ensures that binary files such as archives and backup files transfer properly. If such files are accidentally treated as ASCII files, they may become corrupted during transfer. Having this set correctly is especially important for uploading Joomla! installation files, Joomla! extension packages and downloading backup files.
Click on the 'OK' button at the bottom of the settings window to save the settings. Click the 'Quick Connect' button to the right of the host, username, password and port fields previously entered. FileZilla will connect to your Joomla! website root directory on the server and display the file structure in the right side of the window.
Click on the 'File' menu, then click on 'Copy Current Connection to the Site Manager.' This saves your settings and allows you to select them the next time you use FileZilla from the Site Manager. Just click 'File' then 'Site Manager' or press 'Ctrl - S.'
In Feburary 2016 06,
Double-click on the FileZilla icon or select it from the start menu. FileZilla will start and display the local hard disk directory structure on the left side of the window.
Enter the domain name of your website or the IP address in the 'Host' field. Do not include the 'http://' part of the address, just the domain name. For example, 'mycoolsite.com' is a domain name and '192.168.2.1' is an Internet Protocol address. If your domain name hasn't been assigned yet, use the IP address provided by your hosting company.
Fill in the 'Username' field at the top of the screen with your FTP user name. Use the exact spelling and character case as the FTP user name issued by your hosting service provider.
Enter your FTP password in the 'Password' field at the top of the screen. Use the exact spelling and character case as the password issued by your hosting service provider.
Enter the FTP port number in the 'Port' field if your hosting provider uses a port other than 21. Most users will leave this field blank as 21 is the default port. Only enter a port number if your hosting provider uses a port other than 21.
Click on the 'Edit' menu, then click on 'Settings.' Select 'File Types' under 'Transfers' on the left side of the settings window. Click the 'Binary' radio button on the right side at the top of the window. This setting ensures that binary files such as archives and backup files transfer properly. If such files are accidentally treated as ASCII files, they may become corrupted during transfer. Having this set correctly is especially important for uploading Joomla! installation files, Joomla! extension packages and downloading backup files.
Click on the 'OK' button at the bottom of the settings window to save the settings. Click the 'Quick Connect' button to the right of the host, username, password and port fields previously entered. FileZilla will connect to your Joomla! website root directory on the server and display the file structure in the right side of the window.
Click on the 'File' menu, then click on 'Copy Current Connection to the Site Manager.' This saves your settings and allows you to select them the next time you use FileZilla from the Site Manager. Just click 'File' then 'Site Manager' or press 'Ctrl - S.'
In Feburary 2016 06,
Friday, 5 February 2016
How to Learn Network ProtocolsIn Feburary 2016 05,
In Feburary 2016 05,
Memorize the seven OSI layers using the commonly-used mnemonic 'All People Seem To Need Data Processing' -- for Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data link and Physical layers.
Remember that the Application layer is for applications that interface with users. Functions included here are emails, file transfers, web-browsing and remote access. Common email protocols are SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3). Web-browsing has HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). File transfer has FTP (file transfer protocol).
Remember that the Presentation layer is involved in the presentation of data. This includes audio, video and other visual presentations. Protocols include the common JPEG for pictures, MP3 for music, AVI for videos.
Remember that the Session layer is responsible for establishing a session or connection between computers and networks. Common protocols include SQL (structured query language) and RPC (remote procedure call).
Remember that the Transport layer is involved in transmitting or transferring data from one device to another. Common protocols are TCP (Transport Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
Remember that the Network layer is responsible for tracking and routing where data should be transmitted. To be able to route data correctly, computers need 'addresses,' which the Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for. Similar to courier and cargo services, the network layer also has the RIP (Routing Information Protocol), EGP (External Gateway Protocol) and IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol). These are the trucks, planes, and trains responsible for routing data.
Remember that the Data link layer is responsible for linking or connecting data between the other protocols. It provides error-free mechanism to ensure that the link is maintained. Common protocol is PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) and SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol).
Remember that the Physical layer are the physical connections between networks and computers. These are the wires, cables, switches, amplifiers and other physical devices that link computers. There is no protocol under the Physical layer.
In Feburary 2016 05,
Memorize the seven OSI layers using the commonly-used mnemonic 'All People Seem To Need Data Processing' -- for Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data link and Physical layers.
Remember that the Application layer is for applications that interface with users. Functions included here are emails, file transfers, web-browsing and remote access. Common email protocols are SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3). Web-browsing has HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). File transfer has FTP (file transfer protocol).
Remember that the Presentation layer is involved in the presentation of data. This includes audio, video and other visual presentations. Protocols include the common JPEG for pictures, MP3 for music, AVI for videos.
Remember that the Session layer is responsible for establishing a session or connection between computers and networks. Common protocols include SQL (structured query language) and RPC (remote procedure call).
Remember that the Transport layer is involved in transmitting or transferring data from one device to another. Common protocols are TCP (Transport Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
Remember that the Network layer is responsible for tracking and routing where data should be transmitted. To be able to route data correctly, computers need 'addresses,' which the Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for. Similar to courier and cargo services, the network layer also has the RIP (Routing Information Protocol), EGP (External Gateway Protocol) and IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol). These are the trucks, planes, and trains responsible for routing data.
Remember that the Data link layer is responsible for linking or connecting data between the other protocols. It provides error-free mechanism to ensure that the link is maintained. Common protocol is PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) and SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol).
Remember that the Physical layer are the physical connections between networks and computers. These are the wires, cables, switches, amplifiers and other physical devices that link computers. There is no protocol under the Physical layer.
In Feburary 2016 05,
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