In Feburary 2016 29,
Choose the content of your virtual library wisely. The difference between a website and a virtual library is the quality of the content chosen for inclusion. Expanding your library outside of the traditional library building is the key to holding on to existing patrons and making new ones. Make sure that the sources chosen for inclusion in your virtual library are of the same quality you would give to your patrons in person.
Practice good design techniques when implementing your virtual library layout. Good virtual library design techniques include a simple layout, familiar fonts and color schemes and self-explanatory pages. Keep in mind as you create this site that your users will be accessing the virtual library from remote locations. If they have a problem or do not understand something immediately, you will not be around to answer their questions. If your site is too complicated or confusing, users will go elsewhere to find the information they are seeking.
Offer as many online resources as possible, such as 'IM a librarian,' chat with a librarian and email reference consultations; online library card registration, online newsletters/blogs, links to community resources, reference tools such as pathfinders and comment forms and surveys.
Evaluate and improve your virtual library site. Do so often because the Internet is constant evolving. Keeping your users satisfied means keeping yourself updated on the latest Internet trends and incorporating them into your virtual library site as appropriate.
Invite users to visit your library in person. Make sure your hours and services are posted and highly visible. Hopefully you will find yourself with a few new patrons in the process.
In Feburary 2016 29,
Showing posts with label simple. Show all posts
Showing posts with label simple. Show all posts
Monday, 29 February 2016
Sunday, 28 February 2016
How to Throw a Christmas PartyIn Feburary 2016 28,
In Feburary 2016 28,
Make three key decisions before solidifying Christmas party plans: Whether you’re planning a sit-down dinner party, casual cocktail party or a holiday open house; what day you plan to host the party; and who will be invited. You can also choose a theme, such an ugly Christmas sweater party, if you like. Saturdays in December are ideal for holiday parties, but your guests’ weekend calendars book up quickly. For fewer conflicts, plan a party earlier in the month rather than close to Christmas. Send out invitations at least four weeks in advance. For a formal party, send proper paper invitations featuring holiday themes; for a casual or small party, an email invitation or phone call is probably sufficient.
Planning the Decor
Adorn your home with even more Christmas decorations than you normally would for the season; a thoroughly decked-out home makes a party’s ambiance that much more festive. Aim to have a good number of presents wrapped and under the twinkling Christmas tree; if you haven’t finished your holiday shopping yet, wrap up some empty boxes in matching paper tied with satin ribbon. For a simple decoration, collect vintage ornaments and place them in glass bowls or pitchers. Don’t forget to hang a large wreath or red bow on the door so guests know where the party is located.
Picking the Menu
The menu can vary drastically based on the type of party you’re planning. For an elegant holiday party, “Gourmet” magazine recommends serving roasted prime rib with a side of potato and porcini mushroom gratin, broccoli and cauliflower and rosemary popovers. This follows the “keep it simple” mantra noted by Style At Home: Keep it simple with a salad, main dish with a starchy side and two vegetables. For cocktail parties, focus on bite-sized appetizers that you can make in advance and freeze. “Bon Apetit” magazine suggests miniature crab cakes, beef sates and pear and cherry and pine nut tartlets as some dessert options. Serve both red and white wine, a seasonal beer and a signature cocktail; something red, such as a cranberry margarita or spiced sangria, is festive and widely appealing. Stock up on nonalcoholic drinks, too, such as coffee, sodas, cocoa, cider and water.
Selecting the Entertainment
For many holiday parties, all the entertainment that guests need is the ability to catch up with other family and friends. Put on seasonal music, but keep the tunes low so guests can hear each other easily. For a cocktail party, choose upbeat jazzy Christmas classics; at a dinner party, low and slow traditional carols might be more appropriate. If many of your guests don’t know each other, a game such as the Christmas-themed “Guess Me” icebreaker might get them talking. Write classic Christmas characters, such as Scrooge from “A Christmas Carol,” Kevin McCallister from “Home Alone” and Ralphie from “A Christmas Story,” on name tags and place them on guests’ backs when they arrive. Guests must ask each other questions to figure out who their character is; the first three to correctly guess win a prize.
In Feburary 2016 28,
Make three key decisions before solidifying Christmas party plans: Whether you’re planning a sit-down dinner party, casual cocktail party or a holiday open house; what day you plan to host the party; and who will be invited. You can also choose a theme, such an ugly Christmas sweater party, if you like. Saturdays in December are ideal for holiday parties, but your guests’ weekend calendars book up quickly. For fewer conflicts, plan a party earlier in the month rather than close to Christmas. Send out invitations at least four weeks in advance. For a formal party, send proper paper invitations featuring holiday themes; for a casual or small party, an email invitation or phone call is probably sufficient.
Planning the Decor
Adorn your home with even more Christmas decorations than you normally would for the season; a thoroughly decked-out home makes a party’s ambiance that much more festive. Aim to have a good number of presents wrapped and under the twinkling Christmas tree; if you haven’t finished your holiday shopping yet, wrap up some empty boxes in matching paper tied with satin ribbon. For a simple decoration, collect vintage ornaments and place them in glass bowls or pitchers. Don’t forget to hang a large wreath or red bow on the door so guests know where the party is located.
Picking the Menu
The menu can vary drastically based on the type of party you’re planning. For an elegant holiday party, “Gourmet” magazine recommends serving roasted prime rib with a side of potato and porcini mushroom gratin, broccoli and cauliflower and rosemary popovers. This follows the “keep it simple” mantra noted by Style At Home: Keep it simple with a salad, main dish with a starchy side and two vegetables. For cocktail parties, focus on bite-sized appetizers that you can make in advance and freeze. “Bon Apetit” magazine suggests miniature crab cakes, beef sates and pear and cherry and pine nut tartlets as some dessert options. Serve both red and white wine, a seasonal beer and a signature cocktail; something red, such as a cranberry margarita or spiced sangria, is festive and widely appealing. Stock up on nonalcoholic drinks, too, such as coffee, sodas, cocoa, cider and water.
Selecting the Entertainment
For many holiday parties, all the entertainment that guests need is the ability to catch up with other family and friends. Put on seasonal music, but keep the tunes low so guests can hear each other easily. For a cocktail party, choose upbeat jazzy Christmas classics; at a dinner party, low and slow traditional carols might be more appropriate. If many of your guests don’t know each other, a game such as the Christmas-themed “Guess Me” icebreaker might get them talking. Write classic Christmas characters, such as Scrooge from “A Christmas Carol,” Kevin McCallister from “Home Alone” and Ralphie from “A Christmas Story,” on name tags and place them on guests’ backs when they arrive. Guests must ask each other questions to figure out who their character is; the first three to correctly guess win a prize.
In Feburary 2016 28,
Saturday, 27 February 2016
How to Customize Your Blog Template on Blogger.comIn Feburary 2016 27,
In Feburary 2016 27,
Start by going to the Blogger.com home page (see the Resources section below).
Register if you are a new user by providing an email address, username and password to create an account.
Choose a title and address for your blog. Remember that your address is part of the URL that readers have to type in the address bar to get to your blog.
Select an initial template design to start a blog. Blogger.com offers numerous templates so you can start blogging right away. You can choose from simple patterns and colors, as well as more elaborate designs.
Change the Settings and Format of your Blog
Choose the 'Customize' link on your blog home page.
Change the page elements, fonts and colors or pick a new template.
Selecting the 'Page Elements' option allows you to edit your blog template using Blogger.com's drag-and-drop editing tools. Change the look of your blog template by moving headers and editing virtually every aspect of your blog's appearance.
Add a page element to your blog. You can add a list, ads, a logo, pictures or any Java or HTML script with pre-designed elements toyour template.
Customize Your Blog with More Advanced Techniques
Use your own knowledge of HTML to customize your blog. Advanced users can download a template to their own files or can use HTML codes to edit their blog template directly.
Consider selecting add-ons from third-party sites. There are many services you can use to add a hit counter or quiz to your blog.
Create widgets for your blog. Blogger.com also allows users to create original widgets to add to their blog home pages.
In Feburary 2016 27,
Start by going to the Blogger.com home page (see the Resources section below).
Register if you are a new user by providing an email address, username and password to create an account.
Choose a title and address for your blog. Remember that your address is part of the URL that readers have to type in the address bar to get to your blog.
Select an initial template design to start a blog. Blogger.com offers numerous templates so you can start blogging right away. You can choose from simple patterns and colors, as well as more elaborate designs.
Change the Settings and Format of your Blog
Choose the 'Customize' link on your blog home page.
Change the page elements, fonts and colors or pick a new template.
Selecting the 'Page Elements' option allows you to edit your blog template using Blogger.com's drag-and-drop editing tools. Change the look of your blog template by moving headers and editing virtually every aspect of your blog's appearance.
Add a page element to your blog. You can add a list, ads, a logo, pictures or any Java or HTML script with pre-designed elements toyour template.
Customize Your Blog with More Advanced Techniques
Use your own knowledge of HTML to customize your blog. Advanced users can download a template to their own files or can use HTML codes to edit their blog template directly.
Consider selecting add-ons from third-party sites. There are many services you can use to add a hit counter or quiz to your blog.
Create widgets for your blog. Blogger.com also allows users to create original widgets to add to their blog home pages.
In Feburary 2016 27,
Friday, 26 February 2016
Free Alternatives to cPanelIn Feburary 2016 26,
In Feburary 2016 26,
Webmin provides an open source hosting control panel that provides many of the same features that you would find through cPanel, such as disk and bandwidth usage, website backups, scheduled cron jobs, system logs, SSH access, and support for MySQL and PostgreSQL databases. Webmin is also incredibly customizable, just like cPanel, so if you are reselling server space on a machine with webmin, you can brand it to your own company.Three major differences that set Webmin apart (and some believe, above) cPanel are the expansion of Webmin via modules, Usermin, and Virtualmin. Through Webmin modules, you can further expand Webmin's usage, and because Webmin is a free control panel, there are hundreds of 3rd party modules that others have created as well. Usermin and Virtualmin provide extended usability through webmail and domain hosting integration.
Easy Hosting Control Panel
Easy Hosting Control Panel (EHCP) is a web hosting control panel that is offered by a variety of hosting providers and available to you for free. Though EHCP is branded as the easiest option for web hosting, it does not include all the options that cPanel does. However, for a simple and effective solution, EHCP does work well for the following features: domain management, email management, FTP setup, subdomain management, MySQL and phpMyAdmin support, and one-click installations of Joomla, Forums, Drupal, b2evolution, Wordpress, and more.The only real downside to using EHCP is the lack of support on their website. However, because so many 3rd parties create modules for EHCP, other websites (as well as EHCP's forums) may be able to offer assistance to the most common issues.
GNUPanel
GNUPanel is a viable competitor for cPanel, with one minor difference: GNUPanel only works for the Debian OS. While Debian is a pretty popular Linux distro that runs on PHP5, you may need to double check with certain web hosting providers to ensure they can support it.However, despite this small shortcoming, GNUPanel can help you manage nearly everything you can through cPanel but without the cost. Through GNUPanel, you can manage your web hosting server, email, databases, FTP accounts, protect directories, park domains, accept online payments, and more. GNUPanel also comes with support for webmail, mailing lists, MySQL and PostgreSQL databases, and the Quanta web development environment. Essentially, it is one of the leading cPanel competitors because of its long list of features. However, like EHCP, the support is unfortunately lacking.
SysCP
Another big free competitor for cPanel, SysCP is unlike the others in that it provides a large and extensive knowledge base and how-to support system via its main website. Because SysCP works with nearly every Linux distro, your web hosting provider is very likely to support it as an installable control panel option instead of cPanel. Plus, like EHCP, SysCP offers many 3rd party modules, so there is always room for expansion.SysCP includes the following features, which are very similar to cPanel's offerings: reseller and customer administrative settings, email and FTP management, billing and ticketing systems, SaaS application installers, newsletter options, logging and error page management, support for SpamAssassin and webmail, and more.
Expert Insight
In reviewing your options for free alternatives to cPanel, always try the control panel's demo if they offer one. All of the free control panels mentioned here offer demo interfaces that you can instantly view and work in. That way, you can play around in the control panel and ensure it is both efficient and works for exactly what you need. Testing all the features and ensuring there is a good support community for the product are two of the most important things to consider when making your final choice.
In Feburary 2016 26,
Webmin provides an open source hosting control panel that provides many of the same features that you would find through cPanel, such as disk and bandwidth usage, website backups, scheduled cron jobs, system logs, SSH access, and support for MySQL and PostgreSQL databases. Webmin is also incredibly customizable, just like cPanel, so if you are reselling server space on a machine with webmin, you can brand it to your own company.Three major differences that set Webmin apart (and some believe, above) cPanel are the expansion of Webmin via modules, Usermin, and Virtualmin. Through Webmin modules, you can further expand Webmin's usage, and because Webmin is a free control panel, there are hundreds of 3rd party modules that others have created as well. Usermin and Virtualmin provide extended usability through webmail and domain hosting integration.
Easy Hosting Control Panel
Easy Hosting Control Panel (EHCP) is a web hosting control panel that is offered by a variety of hosting providers and available to you for free. Though EHCP is branded as the easiest option for web hosting, it does not include all the options that cPanel does. However, for a simple and effective solution, EHCP does work well for the following features: domain management, email management, FTP setup, subdomain management, MySQL and phpMyAdmin support, and one-click installations of Joomla, Forums, Drupal, b2evolution, Wordpress, and more.The only real downside to using EHCP is the lack of support on their website. However, because so many 3rd parties create modules for EHCP, other websites (as well as EHCP's forums) may be able to offer assistance to the most common issues.
GNUPanel
GNUPanel is a viable competitor for cPanel, with one minor difference: GNUPanel only works for the Debian OS. While Debian is a pretty popular Linux distro that runs on PHP5, you may need to double check with certain web hosting providers to ensure they can support it.However, despite this small shortcoming, GNUPanel can help you manage nearly everything you can through cPanel but without the cost. Through GNUPanel, you can manage your web hosting server, email, databases, FTP accounts, protect directories, park domains, accept online payments, and more. GNUPanel also comes with support for webmail, mailing lists, MySQL and PostgreSQL databases, and the Quanta web development environment. Essentially, it is one of the leading cPanel competitors because of its long list of features. However, like EHCP, the support is unfortunately lacking.
SysCP
Another big free competitor for cPanel, SysCP is unlike the others in that it provides a large and extensive knowledge base and how-to support system via its main website. Because SysCP works with nearly every Linux distro, your web hosting provider is very likely to support it as an installable control panel option instead of cPanel. Plus, like EHCP, SysCP offers many 3rd party modules, so there is always room for expansion.SysCP includes the following features, which are very similar to cPanel's offerings: reseller and customer administrative settings, email and FTP management, billing and ticketing systems, SaaS application installers, newsletter options, logging and error page management, support for SpamAssassin and webmail, and more.
Expert Insight
In reviewing your options for free alternatives to cPanel, always try the control panel's demo if they offer one. All of the free control panels mentioned here offer demo interfaces that you can instantly view and work in. That way, you can play around in the control panel and ensure it is both efficient and works for exactly what you need. Testing all the features and ensuring there is a good support community for the product are two of the most important things to consider when making your final choice.
In Feburary 2016 26,
Friday, 12 February 2016
How to Embed a Video to AnimotoIn Feburary 2016 12,
In Feburary 2016 12,
Sign in to your Animoto account using your registered email address and password.
Click 'Create Video' and choose the video style you like from the available icons. The video style you select will convert and add effects to your video in the style you chose.
Click 'Upload from your Computer' and click the 'Browse' button to locate the video you want to embed in the website. Click the 'Simple Uploader' link at the bottom of the screen if the 'Upload from your Computer' link does not work, possibly due to a slower Internet connection.
Click 'Browse' and locate the video you want to embed in Animoto. Select 'Start Upload' to embed the video clips on the website. Wait for the video clip upload to complete.
Choose to add text, rotate the video, spotlight, add another clip, or duplicate it to make it more interesting. Select the 'Done' button when you finish editing.
Select music from the Animoto library or click the 'Upload from your Computer' button to add your own sound clip.
Click 'Finalize' and 'Next.' Type in the title and description for your video and click 'Create Video.' Wait a few minutes for the video to be completed.
Click on the 'Embed' link if you want to place the finished movie on a website. Select the code that appears and press 'Ctrl' and 'C' to copy. Open your website in the FTP or HTML program of your choice. Click the 'HTML' view, often located in the top options bar, and paste the code where you want the video to appear by pressing 'Ctrl' and 'V.'
In Feburary 2016 12,
Sign in to your Animoto account using your registered email address and password.
Click 'Create Video' and choose the video style you like from the available icons. The video style you select will convert and add effects to your video in the style you chose.
Click 'Upload from your Computer' and click the 'Browse' button to locate the video you want to embed in the website. Click the 'Simple Uploader' link at the bottom of the screen if the 'Upload from your Computer' link does not work, possibly due to a slower Internet connection.
Click 'Browse' and locate the video you want to embed in Animoto. Select 'Start Upload' to embed the video clips on the website. Wait for the video clip upload to complete.
Choose to add text, rotate the video, spotlight, add another clip, or duplicate it to make it more interesting. Select the 'Done' button when you finish editing.
Select music from the Animoto library or click the 'Upload from your Computer' button to add your own sound clip.
Click 'Finalize' and 'Next.' Type in the title and description for your video and click 'Create Video.' Wait a few minutes for the video to be completed.
Click on the 'Embed' link if you want to place the finished movie on a website. Select the code that appears and press 'Ctrl' and 'C' to copy. Open your website in the FTP or HTML program of your choice. Click the 'HTML' view, often located in the top options bar, and paste the code where you want the video to appear by pressing 'Ctrl' and 'V.'
In Feburary 2016 12,
Tuesday, 9 February 2016
What Is a Place Holder?In Feburary 2016 09,
In Feburary 2016 09,
If a domain name and Web hosting service are purchased before a site design is complete, a place holder can inform visitors of the upcoming completion of your site.
Considerations
When uploading a place holder, it is best to make it very simple. Your hosting provider may automatically upload a place holder until you design your site.
Warning
Be sure that you finish your design quickly, as visitors may never return if they see a place holder. Some websites never advance beyond having a place holder page, so be sure to state when your site will be complete.
Types
There are two types of place holder pages. The first is a simple HTML page uploaded by the page designer. This can simply explain that the site is under design and offer a target launch date. Other place holders are uploaded by Web hosting companies. These pages can include advertisements for their services and other similar domains for sale.
Expert Insight
Having a place holder can be helpful when designing a website. However, continue the development of your website to make sure the place holder does not become your permanent homepage. If your hosting provider offers place holder templates that include advertisements for their services, it is best to overwrite this file with your own page.
In Feburary 2016 09,
If a domain name and Web hosting service are purchased before a site design is complete, a place holder can inform visitors of the upcoming completion of your site.
Considerations
When uploading a place holder, it is best to make it very simple. Your hosting provider may automatically upload a place holder until you design your site.
Warning
Be sure that you finish your design quickly, as visitors may never return if they see a place holder. Some websites never advance beyond having a place holder page, so be sure to state when your site will be complete.
Types
There are two types of place holder pages. The first is a simple HTML page uploaded by the page designer. This can simply explain that the site is under design and offer a target launch date. Other place holders are uploaded by Web hosting companies. These pages can include advertisements for their services and other similar domains for sale.
Expert Insight
Having a place holder can be helpful when designing a website. However, continue the development of your website to make sure the place holder does not become your permanent homepage. If your hosting provider offers place holder templates that include advertisements for their services, it is best to overwrite this file with your own page.
In Feburary 2016 09,
Saturday, 6 February 2016
How to Host a Card PartyIn Feburary 2016 06,
In Feburary 2016 06,
Invite your friends. Send invitations to your card party at least 2 weeks in advance. Include the time, date and location of your party in your invitation along with a single face card from a deck of cards. You can use these cards to divide your guests into groups.
Purchase prizes. Everyone loves to get a prize when they win a game, and it is no different with cards. Prizes don't have to cost a lot of money and can be as simple as a new deck of cards or candy.
Decide on the games. There are so many card games you could play, but you really need to narrow it down to about three. Make sure that the games you choose are ones that everyone knows, or can learn quickly, and will fit into the time frame of your party. You may decide to play only one card game, but do it in tournament style.
Have the rules available for all games. Print off the rules for each game you will play. Having these handy will keep participants from having to ask questions. Each table of players can refer to their own set of printed rules. Rules for card games often come with the deck but can also be downloaded online.
Set up tables. Set your party tables up with enough room to maneuver around them. It is a good idea to make sure that the tables you use have room for people to place their drinks, or that there is a table nearby for them to set a beverage.
Put up decorations. No party is complete without a few decorations. You can find card themed decorations at any party store and even online. If you don't want to spend a lot of money, simply make your own decorations by using an old deck of cards. Cards can be used as centerpieces, as garland and even as place cards with your guests' names.
Prepare refreshments. Having refreshments for your party will definitely please the crowd. You can ask guests to bring their favorite snack food or drink, or you can do it yourself. Peanuts and pretzels are good munchies on a small budget.
In Feburary 2016 06,
Invite your friends. Send invitations to your card party at least 2 weeks in advance. Include the time, date and location of your party in your invitation along with a single face card from a deck of cards. You can use these cards to divide your guests into groups.
Purchase prizes. Everyone loves to get a prize when they win a game, and it is no different with cards. Prizes don't have to cost a lot of money and can be as simple as a new deck of cards or candy.
Decide on the games. There are so many card games you could play, but you really need to narrow it down to about three. Make sure that the games you choose are ones that everyone knows, or can learn quickly, and will fit into the time frame of your party. You may decide to play only one card game, but do it in tournament style.
Have the rules available for all games. Print off the rules for each game you will play. Having these handy will keep participants from having to ask questions. Each table of players can refer to their own set of printed rules. Rules for card games often come with the deck but can also be downloaded online.
Set up tables. Set your party tables up with enough room to maneuver around them. It is a good idea to make sure that the tables you use have room for people to place their drinks, or that there is a table nearby for them to set a beverage.
Put up decorations. No party is complete without a few decorations. You can find card themed decorations at any party store and even online. If you don't want to spend a lot of money, simply make your own decorations by using an old deck of cards. Cards can be used as centerpieces, as garland and even as place cards with your guests' names.
Prepare refreshments. Having refreshments for your party will definitely please the crowd. You can ask guests to bring their favorite snack food or drink, or you can do it yourself. Peanuts and pretzels are good munchies on a small budget.
In Feburary 2016 06,
Wednesday, 3 February 2016
How to Find Where a Web Site Is HostedIn Feburary 2016 03,
This summary is not available. Please
click here to view the post.
Monday, 1 February 2016
Easy Ways of Adding Subtracting IntegersIn Feburary 2016 01,
In Feburary 2016 01,
The sum of two negative integers is found in the same manner as the addition of two positive integers. The two values are summed and retain the sign of the added values. For example, the sum of -2 + -3 is -5, while the sum of 2 + 3 is 5.
Addition of a Positive and Negative Integer
The sum of a positive and negative integer can easily be found by following three simple steps: identify the integer with the largest absolute value (a number's value irrespective of sign), subtract the integer with the smaller absolute value from the integer with the larger absolute value and retain the sign of the larger. For example, the sum of -5 and +3 is -2. The absolute value of the two integers is 5 and 3, respectively, so -5 has the largest absolute value. The difference between the number with the larger absolute value and the number with the smaller absolute value (5 - 3) is 2. Applying the sign of the integer with the larger absolute value then gives a final answer of -2.
Subtraction of Negative Integers
The procedure for finding the difference of two integers is the same for both two positive and two negative integers. Change the subtraction sign to an addition sign, reverse the sign of the integer being subtracted and then follow the addition rules for integers. For example, -3 - 5 is rewritten as -3 + -5. The values are then summed, and the sign of the two integers is retained, resulting in a difference of -8. Now take the opposite case. You would rewrite 3 - 5 as 3 + -5 and then use the directions in Section 2, subtracting the integer with the smaller absolute value from the integer with the larger absolute value (5 - 3 = 2) and then applying the sign of the integer with the larger absolute value, getting -2.
Follow the Rules
Subtraction of negative integers is the most difficult of the procedures to perform. However, if you follow the rules for addition in Sections 2 and 3, the process becomes very easy. Begin by transforming the problem from one of subtraction to one of addition as in Section 3. That is, transform the minus sign into a plus and then reverse the sign on the number being subtracted. For example, rewrite -3 - (-5) as -3 + (+5) or -3 + 5. Subtract the integer with the smaller absolute value from the integer with the larger absolute value (5 - 3 = 2) and then apply the sign of the integer with the larger absolute value, getting 2.
In Feburary 2016 01,
The sum of two negative integers is found in the same manner as the addition of two positive integers. The two values are summed and retain the sign of the added values. For example, the sum of -2 + -3 is -5, while the sum of 2 + 3 is 5.
Addition of a Positive and Negative Integer
The sum of a positive and negative integer can easily be found by following three simple steps: identify the integer with the largest absolute value (a number's value irrespective of sign), subtract the integer with the smaller absolute value from the integer with the larger absolute value and retain the sign of the larger. For example, the sum of -5 and +3 is -2. The absolute value of the two integers is 5 and 3, respectively, so -5 has the largest absolute value. The difference between the number with the larger absolute value and the number with the smaller absolute value (5 - 3) is 2. Applying the sign of the integer with the larger absolute value then gives a final answer of -2.
Subtraction of Negative Integers
The procedure for finding the difference of two integers is the same for both two positive and two negative integers. Change the subtraction sign to an addition sign, reverse the sign of the integer being subtracted and then follow the addition rules for integers. For example, -3 - 5 is rewritten as -3 + -5. The values are then summed, and the sign of the two integers is retained, resulting in a difference of -8. Now take the opposite case. You would rewrite 3 - 5 as 3 + -5 and then use the directions in Section 2, subtracting the integer with the smaller absolute value from the integer with the larger absolute value (5 - 3 = 2) and then applying the sign of the integer with the larger absolute value, getting -2.
Follow the Rules
Subtraction of negative integers is the most difficult of the procedures to perform. However, if you follow the rules for addition in Sections 2 and 3, the process becomes very easy. Begin by transforming the problem from one of subtraction to one of addition as in Section 3. That is, transform the minus sign into a plus and then reverse the sign on the number being subtracted. For example, rewrite -3 - (-5) as -3 + (+5) or -3 + 5. Subtract the integer with the smaller absolute value from the integer with the larger absolute value (5 - 3 = 2) and then apply the sign of the integer with the larger absolute value, getting 2.
In Feburary 2016 01,
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